How we test for coeliac disease is changing. For the past 20 years, the diagnosis of coeliac disease has been based on two key pillars: coeliac serology (the antibody test, either tissue transglutaminase (TTG) or deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP)), in combination with duodenal biopsies. These tests remain at the centre of national and international guidelines about how we test for coeliac disease, and are likely to remain so for the near future.

Reflux symptoms are a very common problem that I frequently see in my gastroenterology clinic. In this article, I summarise the approaches to managing symptoms, and what to look out for that might need further investigations like an endoscopy.

Gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, reflux, diarrhoea, and constipation are common with novel weight loss treatments like tirzepatide (Mounjaro) and semaglutide (Ozempic or Wegovy). However, these symptoms should not be ignored, both to ensure there is no underlying worrying cause, and to get symptoms under control so people can continue on their weight loss journey.